Any time your dog or cat has an infection, take her to your veterinarian for an examination. Infections are not something you can and treat on your own using over-the-counter antibiotics or antibiotics bought from a non-certified compounding pharmacy online. Infections must be treated with exact doses and treatment lengths. Evan Ware is a veterinary practitioner in Phoenix, Arizona. His areas of expertise include orthopedic medicine and surgery, veterinary oncology and chemotherapy, and general and advanced soft-tissue surgery.

This content is intended for counseling purposes only. No claims are made as to the safety or efficacy of mentioned preparations. You are encouraged to speak with your prescriber as to the appropriate use of any medication. Use of them does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by them. About Human Health Careers Contact. Customer Care : Create an Online Account. Refill and Renew Pet Prescriptions Ordering your pet's prescription drugs from Wedgewood Pharmacy is safe, and convenient.

Have a new prescription from your vet? If your cat is displaying any of the above symptoms it's time for a trip to the veterinarian. It is essential to treat eye infections early in order to prevent the infection from spreading to the other eye, becoming more severe, or being spread to other pets in your household or neighborhood. Your vet will determine the best treatment for your cat's eye infection based upon the results of the examination and of your cat's overall health.

If however your cat's eye infection is due to an underlying condition such as FeLV or Calicivirus the underlying condition may be the main focus of the treatment. Treatments for underlying conditions will depend upon the nature of the illness but may include oral antibiotics, immune boosters or other treatments. Many human medications are toxic or otherwise dangerous for pets. This is especially true for cats since their compact size means that even the tiniest amounts of a dangerous substance can be life-threatening.

Neosporin is a topical antibiotic ointment that works very well on humans but is not recommended for cats.

Mitigation of antimicrobial resistance has been an emerging topic that plays an important role in human and veterinary medicine. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is a naturally occurring phenomenon and has been subject to evolution over millions of years [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].

The frequent use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine and in agriculture exerts an enormous selection pressure on bacterial populations and promotes the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria that can readily spread their resistance genes by various mechanisms [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Antibiotic use in veterinary medicine is discussed as one of the main drivers for resistance development.

In Europe, around tons of antibiotics were sold for veterinary use in , with pronounced differences between countries [ 6 ]. The amount of antibiotics used in companion animals in Europe in comparison to the amount prescribed in livestock is relatively small [ 6 ], but is not to be neglected. The close contact of pets with their owners facilitates the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms between humans and companion animals [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].

Furthermore, the trend for intensive medical care of dogs and cats poses a risk for nosocomial infections [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] and is associated with an increasing number of geriatric and immunosuppressed patients that are highly susceptible to infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Surveys describing antimicrobial use in dogs and cats revealed that antibiotics are frequently prescribed, in particular beta-lactam antibiotics [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], and that cats are especially exposed to the critically important third generation cephalosporins [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].

Most previous studies performed in dogs and cats were based on questionnaires presenting hypothetical scenarios that have been sent out to veterinarians [ 22 , 23 , 28 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].

These studies are commonly hampered by a selection bias, recall bias and prevarication bias, and the answers given do not necessarily reflect the actual prescribing practice. Some studies analyzed pharmacy records [ 38 , 39 ] and veterinary or pet insurance databases [ 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 ] but only few studies evaluated whether prescriptions practice was in accordance with relevant guidelines [ 24 , 26 , 27 , 33 , 34 ].

The aims of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial prescribing practice in Switzerland for indications in cats with frequent use of antibiotics, i. The a priori compliance with the proposed guidelines was evaluated in this study to lay the basis to monitor, in a next step, the impact of these guidelines on antimicrobial prescription patterns in Switzerland. A total of cats were included in the study. Case characteristics are shown in Table 1.

A detailed overview of clinical symptoms, diagnostic procedures and antimicrobial prescription for each indication is given in Tables 2 , 3 and 4. The antimicrobial combinations used were potentiated or non-potentiated aminopenicillins together with fluoroquinolones, first generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines, amphenicols or third generation cephalosporins. One cat received a triple therapy consisting of an aminopenicillin, a fluoroquinolone and a tetracycline.

The diagnostic work-up and antimicrobial prescription patterns differed between private practices and university hospitals Table 2. For combination therapy, potentiated or non-potentiated aminopenicillins together with fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins were used.

Diagnostic work-up and antimicrobial prescription patterns were again different between the university hospitals and private practices Table 3. Combination therapy was uncommon 3 cases and antimicrobial combinations used were potentiated or non-potentiated aminopenicillins together with fluoroquinolones or third generation cephalosporins.

The cats were treated for 1 to 24 median 7 days. Antibiotic therapy was not associated with any of the symptoms listed in the guidelines, i.

The diagnostic work-up was more elaborate at the university hospitals, and critically important antibiotics were less commonly prescribed at the universities, but the prudent use pattern of prescriptions was not clearly superior when compared to private practices. This was mainly due to the very common use of potentiated aminopenicillins instead of non-potentiated aminopenicillins at the universities. On the other hand, the quality of antimicrobial prescription could often not be judged in the cases from private practices because the diagnostic work-up or the symptoms of the patients were not documented.

The common discrepancy of antimicrobial prescription with recently established consensus guidelines [ 40 , 41 ] at the two university hospitals is surprising considering that senior clinicians of these hospitals were involved in the drafting of the guidelines.

The overall frequency of antimicrobial treatment was also not different at the university hospitals compared to private practices. However, our data indicates that the animals presented to the university hospitals were more often pretreated or hospitalized, and could thus have been in a more debilitated condition. This overall low accordance raises the question of whether the proposed guidelines cannot be implemented in clinical practice, for example, due to poor market availability of appropriate antibiotic formulations, or whether the content is not well disseminated among veterinary practitioners.

The critically important antibiotics used in cats in this study were mostly third generation cephalosporins as well as fluoroquinolones. A previous study evaluating electronic health records found that inability to orally medicate the cat was the most common reason given for prescribing cefovecin [ 42 ].

An online survey in veterinarians in Switzerland also revealed that the route of application was the most important factor in the choice of antimicrobial therapy in cats [ 43 ]. In our study, the prescription of critically important antibiotics was significantly more frequent in private practices compared to the university hospitals.

This observation supports the hypothesis that the workplace environment is an important factor determining treatment decisions and antimicrobial use [ 44 ]. University hospitals, as training centers, may have stronger restrictions for the use of critically important antibiotics: one of the two university hospitals of this study completely forbids the use of third generation cephalosporins in its patients.

On the other hand, the cats at the university hospitals were more commonly hospitalized compared to the cases in private practices, thus allowing for parenteral medication and avoiding the problem of oral application of the antibiotic drug. Antimicrobial prescription in the absence of proper diagnostic work-up was very common in this study.

In a previous study based on a questionnaire, Our results indicate that these data based on questionnaires are probably too optimistic and that bacterial culture, an essential diagnostic work-up step for cats with FLUTD, is rarely performed in private practices. Also many of these cats suffered from urinary tract obstruction and antibiotic therapy was initiated after removal of the indwelling urinary catheter.

These tests can be useful to support a diagnosis of viral infection and to initiate supportive measures such as the prescription of famciclovir in the case of FHV infection, and thus reduce the use of antibiotics [ 46 ].

Potentiated aminopenicillins were most often prescribed at the university hospitals, while third generation cephalosporins and aminopenicillins were most commonly used in private practices. A study revealed that amoxicillin with clavulanic acid is not superior to doxycycline when treating cats with signs of acute respiratory tract disease [ 47 ].

The more compromised clinical condition of the patients at university hospitals could explain the common use of potentiated aminopenicillins instead of doxycycline due to the lack of a licensed injectable doxycycline preparation in Switzerland. However, potentiated instead of non-potentiated aminopenicillins were almost exclusively used at the universities.

Non-potentiated and potentiated aminopenicillins are often used interchangeably although it has been shown that the use of clavulanic acid may increase AmpC-mediated resistance causing inducible organisms to become insensitive to 1st to 3rd generation cephalosporins [ 48 , 49 ].

The frequent use of potentiated aminopenicillins instead of non-potentiated aminopenicillins in this study could also be due to the better availability of these products on the market, since they make up the largest part of antimicrobial compounds licensed for cats in Switzerland [ 50 ].

In children, antibiotics might sometimes be applied instead of local wound drainage to avoid anesthesia or sedation [ 51 ]. It can be assumed that, in many of these cases, antibiotics were supplemented as a preventative measure. Studies from human medicine showed that appropriate drainage of the abscess is important and that antibiotic treatment may not be necessary [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Several guidelines for small animals state that an antibiotic treatment is not indicated if the abscess is well-defined and the animal is in a good general condition [ 56 , 57 , 58 ].

The present study has some limitations. The insufficient documentation in the databases limited the information available for review.

The presence of bacteria in urine sediment analysis of an aseptically collected urine sample was considered appropriate to confirm a bacterial etiology in cases with FLUTD, although this is considered insufficient diagnostic work-up according to some guidelines due to the variable quality of interpretation, the risk of stain contamination as well as the possibility of false positive results [ 57 , 59 ].

In a recent study, overall accuracy of in-house microscopic evaluation for bacteriuria in primary practice was only Furthermore, the generally low prevalence of bacterial cystitis in cats should not result in many false positive results [ 65 , 66 , 67 ]. The assessment score used in this study leaves a margin of interpretation and the justification of antimicrobial prescription was based on consensus guidelines released in Switzerland.

Results could differ to some extent when comparing prescription to guidelines from other countries. Furthermore, the limited number of cases included per practice did also not allow for a statistical analysis at a single practice level.

Also, there could be a selection bias since the participation in this study was on a voluntary basis and the enrolled practices might have been more aware of antimicrobial resistance and more likely to prescribe antibiotics prudently. The present study highlights the need to promote antimicrobial stewardship in small animal medicine and to implement effective intervention strategies.

Particular attention should be paid to the education of veterinarians, the propagation of diagnostic work-up and the need for proper documentation to justify antibiotic treatment. Antimicrobial stewardship at universities should be urgently advanced as they serve as role models for veterinary practice. Developments on the market to provide small spectrum antibiotics for convenient application would be of particular importance in cats since the route of application is a major factor in the choice of antimicrobials in this species.

Please make sure not to include any personal information in the box where you enter your question. You will receive an answer from Dr.

All answers are provided for informational or educational purposes only, and are intended to be a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise and professional judgment of your pet's veterinarian.

It may be necessary to consult your pet's veterinarian regarding the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your pet's symptoms or medical condition. Infection in your cat's body can be caused by several types of microorganisms. These include bacterium, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Your veterinarian will determine the kind of antibiotic medication used to treat your cat after diagnosing the infection and understanding which type of organism is the culprit.

The antibiotic used to treat your cat will depend on how the medication works in your cat's body. Your veterinarian will also discuss potential side effects you should look out for. If you accidentally skip a dose of antibiotics, give the missed dose as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not give your cat two doses unless otherwise directed by your veterinarian. Bacterium can attack your cat's body through open wounds, in something your cat ingests, or just by being present in your cat's environment.

They come in different shapes and sizes, and the physical characteristics will help your veterinarian determine which bacteria are infecting your cat. These microscopic, one-celled organisms cause gastroenteritis, pneumonia, skin infections, urinary tract problems, and many other diseases.

Wide receiver Pierre Garcon is on the move, as the San Francisco 49ers announced Thursday they agreed to terms with the wideout. In , Garcon produced to the tune of 79 receptions for 1, yards and three touchdowns as part of a three-headed wideout group with DeSean Jackson and Jamison Crowder.

After enjoying a career year in by leading the NFL with receptions and racking up 1, yards to go along with five touchdowns, Garcon's statistical output came back down to earth in and The year-old veteran averaged 70 grabs for yards and four touchdowns between those two seasons, which led to speculation that the campaign could be his final one with the Redskins. While Doctson saw little action in , his presence along with the progression of Crowder and the threat of Jordan Reed at tight end likely contributed to Garcon being viewed as expendable.

When Garcon broke into the league as a sixth-round pick of the Indianapolis Colts out of Mount Union, he was looked at as a game-breaker capable of making big plays down the field. Reports also showed that the organization made very little effort to bring him back once his contract expired. The Redskins can't offer that. The team will need to plug a number of holes - like safety, cornerback, edge rusher and guard - and all of those probably can't come via the NFL Draft.

That doesn't mean it won't happen, but it would take the organization warming back up to the passionate wideout and the wideout likely taking a bargain offer from the organization. It's not clear when the issue originated. Full Player Fantasy Analysis. Related Players Dante Pettis. Mock Draft Trainer ». Draft War Room ». ADP Index ». Injury Index ». Free Agent Finder ». Trade Partner Navigator ».

My Teams Intel ». Value Projections ». Lineup Generator ». Follow us on. Shark Bites. Draft Sharks. Garcon left Week 15 early and missed the final 2 regular-season games with an injury reported only as a "bruised" hand. Garcon missed 1 full game and most of another with a hamstring pull in his final season at Mount Union. Garcon broke a bone in his right leg. Garcon suffered a lateral ligament tear in the plantar plate of his right foot. Garcon suffered a non-displaced fracture of the C5 pedicle in his neck in Week 8 and missed the rest of the season.

Garcon left Washington's playoff loss early with a right shoulder injury. Garcon spent most of the season dealing with an unspecified knee injury that ultimately required season-ending arthroscopic surgery.

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Open this map directly on Google Maps. The total flight duration from Ireland to Bulgaria is 3 hours, 49 minutes. It also adds an extra 30 minutes for take-off and landing. Your exact time may vary depending on wind speeds. If you're planning a trip, remember to add more time for the plane to taxi between the gate and the airport runway. What to do in Bulgaria? This 10th-century Orthodox monastery is regarded as one of the most important cultural monuments in Bulgaria and is a key attraction point for tourists.

Check out the Boyana church for a taste of architectural beauty. Cross the Marvellous Bridges of the Rhodope Mountains. These natural arches formed between the mountains are located in southern Bulgaria close to Chepelare.

Tips for the Budget Traveller Bulgaria is a relatively inexpensive country to visit. Plan ahead to get the lowest fares on flights to Bulgaria From. Fly out Tue 01 Mar. Plovdiv PDV.

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Cheap flights to Bulgaria Return. Home Europe Cheap flights to Bulgaria. Flights to Bulgaria in Flight route prices based on searches on Cheapflights within the last 3 days, monthly prices based on aggregated historical data. SOF Sofia. Nonstop 3h 00m. STN London Stansted. Nonstop 3h 20m. View Deal. Bulgaria flight deals Cheap flights to Bulgaria found for this year. Last minute flights to Bulgaria Late deals on return flights to Bulgaria, departing today and this week.

Can I fly to Bulgaria from United Kingdom right now? Information is based on travel restrictions from United Kingdom to Bulgaria Most visitors from United Kingdom will not be allowed to enter Bulgaria. Quarantine requirements Visitors from United Kingdom are not required to quarantine after entering Bulgaria.

Quarantine requirements Visitors from Bulgaria are not required to quarantine after entering United Kingdom. What is the cheapest month to fly to Bulgaria? The cheapest ticket to Bulgaria found for each month in based on historical flight searches by Cheapflights users.

When is the best time to fly to Bulgaria? Average Bulgaria flight ticket prices and weather conditions for and by month. Peak season: The weather in Bulgaria is lovely and warm from Spring until the end of Autumn, and even then the sun stays shining until after Christmas. Off season: December to the end of February is the coldest time of year to visit.

How long is the flight to Bulgaria? Which airlines operate flights to Bulgaria? How to get from the airport to the city centre? Sofia: Travelling around Sofia is extremely easy and very cheap thanks to the metro system in place. What is good to know if travelling to Bulgaria? Martenitsa is a festival that begins on the 1st of March every year.

Bulgarians exchanges red and white string bracelets which are tied to the wrist until that person sees the first stork of the year, a sign that Winter is about to end. Sofia is one of the oldest capitals in Europe and is filled with history. How popular are flights to Bulgaria this year? Find flights to Bulgaria Select your preferred flight destination in Bulgaria from the list below. Flights to Burgas. Flights to Sofia. Flights to Varna.

Select your preferred route to Bulgaria from United Kingdom below. Scotland to Bulgaria. Northern Ireland to Bulgaria. Cheapest flights to Bulgaria Not set on Bulgaria? See the cheapest flights to Bulgaria. Airfare prices updated on 11 Nov

If you use dishcloths Michigan State University Extension recommends that you use a clean dishcloth each day. When dishcloths or sponges smell bad it is because of all the bacteria in them. Keeping your dishcloth or sponge as clean as possible helps to keep your kitchen clean and in the long run, also helps to keep you and your family healthy. This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. Sanitizing kitchen sponges. Another way to clean and sanitize your sponges is to use your dishwasher, but once again there are some rules to follow: 1 Use the hottest and longest cycle on your dishwasher 2 Use the dry cycle According to the United State Department of Agriculture USDA microwaving sponges kills A third way to sanitize your sponges: 1 Use a solution of one-quarter to one-half of a teaspoon of concentrated bleach 8.

Did you find this article useful? Please tell us why Submit. To make matters worse, shortly after the study was published, the NY Times and PBS , both reputable news sources, each wrote articles based on this new study which seemed to confirm the results; microwaves were not sufficient at killing bacteria. However, in September , NPR helped dissect the study by looking at the testing parameters.

They concluded that there was a lot of misleading information. It was because anti-bacterial soaps were being used to clean the sponges they used for their tests, not boiling or microwaving. Both boiling for 5 minutes and microwaving for one minute at full power were shown to kill the bacteria that causes people to get sick. NPR concluded that the concern over microwaves not killing bacteria was basically groundless.

In fact, both the USDA study and the study on methods of disinfection of kitchen sponges -a publication which was actually cited in the article — showed that microwaving sponges killed bacteria. The USDA stated that Possibly in response to the results of this scientific debate, in May , two of the scientists that published the report in published a new study specifically analyzing microwave-treated household sponges.

In the current study, the scientists explained their thesis more clearly and confirmed that microwaving was shown to effectively reduce bacteria. However, they did not completely recant their original statement that bacteria were prevalent in kitchen sponges.

Instead, they explained that heating sponges to kill bacteria could select other bacteria or organisms — not necessarily dangerous — which could thrive in the new environment. Their conclusion was that more studies needed to be done to assess whether these will be a problem for domestic health. In July , the American Society for Microbiology published a report showing that Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus or Staph could last for up to two weeks on dry sponges and towels!

So microwaving your kitchen sponges is a good way to regularly get rid of those germs and bacteria. Even one of the most dangerous bacteria that you can get from food — E. This fact is corroborated by the ServSafe industry standard for food safety preparation and holding temperatures. To kill most food-related bacteria, the sponge needs to reach at least degrees Fahrenheit. No one likes the idea of cleaning dishes with a germy sponge, which is why we all know we should be cleaning ours on the regular.

But which method is best? The Good Housekeeping Institute worked with EMSL Analytical testing lab in Westmont, New Jersey to find out if using the dishwasher, microwave, washing machine, bleach, or vinegar removed the most bacteria — and bleach won. In testing, the bleach solution killed But no matter how diligent you are about cleaning, your kitchen sponges won't last forever.

Clean them weekly, and toss shabby ones every two to three weeks, depending on use. Even though bleach is the most effective bacteria killer, in a bind, these methods are your next best option. They're listed in order from most to least effective, so choose wisely.

Cross-country equestrianism is a horse riding endurance test that forms one of the three parts of the sport of eventing the others are Dressage and Show jumping.

The sport tests the speed, endurance and jumping ability of the horse. The cross-country course is usually between 4. The aim is to complete the course with as few penalties as possible. The lowest score wins. Approximately 21 miles per hour for the horses which will finish without penalties. They will go faster at some points of the course than others, tending to speed up in between fences and slow down for the jumps.

Each horse and rider tackle the course separately. It is not a race — they do not run and jump alongside each other. The horses and riders in Tokyo will be set off at three-minute intervals, so in general there will be three pairs at different stages of the course at any one time.

However, there could be less than three if a pair are eliminated or retired so leave the course before getting to the finish or more if a combination are particularly slow getting round.

At some of the difficult fences, there are longer and shorter routes. There are no penalties for taking a long route provided the horse and rider do not fall, refuse or run-out , but it will be time-consuming, so the rider will have to weigh up the risk of the shorter route against the time-penalties they may incur.

The jumps in Tokyo are numbered one to 23, but if there are several fences close together, they will be counted as one number, with the different elements denoted with letters of the alphabet, for example fence 23a or 14b.

If a horse takes all the direct routes round the course, they will make 36 jumping efforts. While the goal of some competitors may be a ribbon, many compete for the thrill of completing.

All equipment must be in excellent condition. Before you begin, you will be given an "order of go". You will be signaled to start, usually in a start box, and you choose your pace according to the optimum time. When you finish, you will remove your horse's tack , cool him out using cool water, sponges, and a sweat scraper, and present for inspection local rules will vary. The ideal score is "0", meaning no penalties or time faults.

Cross-country jumping is also known by some as endurance riding. Fitness is a very important element, both to compete successfully but safely. A tired horse or rider can mean obstacles are negotiated poorly, resulting in stumbles or falls. Tired muscles can become strained. If you are riding most days of the week, doing flatwork and jumping your horse will likely be fine for the lowest levels. A new addition for The two fences can be adjusted for height, and the combination can be jumped in both directions.

Bucklebury Equestrian offer 60x20m and 40x20m grass dressage arenas and two all weather arenas for flatwork schooling, dressage test practice or as a venue for a dressage competition. Read more. Bucklebury Equestrian's show jumping paddock has a variety of BSJA jumps from simple cross poles to fillers, water trays and a wall with the course changed regularly.

The Course length is over 1.

However, we encourage you to attend the classroom EOP. The case studies and personal experiences shared in class will give you a better understanding of how to work with your migrant domestic worker to meet expectations. However, you may be allowed to appoint a representative or sponsor to attend the programme on your behalf if you meet the following conditions:. Once your representative or sponsor has attended the EOP, you or a third-party e.

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This is the 1,th longest binge-watch. Sign in to add this to your watch list Sign in to add this to your seen list Cut out all those commercials! Cut out the commercials plus the opening and the closing credits!

Binge-watch by season! When will you finish Justified if you watch it this many hours per day? When is the Justified premiere anniversary? Log in to recommend this to someone. The Legend of the Three Caballeros. Star Wars: The Clone Wars By clicking play, you agree to our Terms of Use.

Share Share. Edit Edit. Help Help. Episodes Details. Episodes 13 Sort by Episode number Newest episodes Available to watch. Fate's Right Hand. Subtitles Subtitles. Audio languages Audio languages. Upon returning to Harlan, he learns that the witness he needs to cooperate, Dewey Crowe, is being released from prison with a restraining order to stop the Marshals from contacting him. Ignoring the order, Raylan Why do you think people love him so much?

The whole Western-hero throwback thing? Maybe all that. What sort of feedback have you had from actual U. When I started visiting a bunch of U. Marshals before the show started in order to get a feel of how a marshal carries themselves, what a regular work day is like for them, etc. Every single one. If they like, we really did something here. You got to know Leonard fairly well before he passed away, right?

Do you feel like spending a lot of time with him helped you get a sense of who Raylan was? All the good things about Raylan — they came directly from Elmore. You mentioned the old-fashioned manners and the stoic hero thing, but the thing about Raylan that people really responded to, if I had to guess, was that he seemed effortlessly cool. The guy was genuinely cool. It was never a pose with him. That was Elmore. He should be fucking fired. Justified earned its two Emmy wins for guest actors.

The first was for the magnificent Margo Martindale as second-season weed-dealing matriarch Mags Bennett. The other Emmy went to Jeremy Davies, who played her dangerously addled son, Dickie, in 20 episodes.

Of special note is Carla Gugino, who previously had an all-too-brief run as another Elmore Leonard U. Marshal in Karen Sisco. Another stand-out is comedian Patton Oswalt, who plays Constable Bob in six episodes. Well-meaning and bumbling, Bob first appears as a comedic contrast to Raylan. However, his sensitivity and predilection for massive firepower gets him into trouble. Oswalt plays Bob with fantastic ranges of frustration, hero-worship for Raylan , and sincerity, later revealing a surprising and cheer-worthy amount of toughness.

The Harlan, Kentucky setting is a character in itself.

Adventure Drama Western. Director Kevin Costner. Michael Blake screenplay by. Top credits Director Kevin Costner. See more at IMDbPro. Trailer Dances With Wolves: 20th Anniversary Edition. Photos Top cast Edit. Rodney A. Robert Pastorelli Timmons as Timmons. Michael Spears Otter as Otter. Jason R. Lone Hill Worm as Worm.

Tony Pierce Spivey as Spivey. Kirk Baltz Edwards as Edwards. Kevin Costner. Michael Blake screenplay by based on his novel. More like this. Watch options.

Storyline Edit. John Dunbar is dubbed a hero after he accidentally leads Union troops to a victory during the Civil War. He requests a position on the western frontier, but finds it deserted. He soon finds out he is not alone, but meets a wolf he dubs "Two-socks" and a curious Indian tribe. Dunbar quickly makes friends with the tribe, and discovers a white woman who was raised by the Indians. He gradually earns the respect of these native people, and sheds his white-man's ways. Inside everyone is a frontier waiting to be discovered.

Did you know Edit. Trivia Because of the film's enormous success and sympathetic treatment of the Native Americans, the Sioux Nation adopted Kevin Costner as an honorary member. Goofs Electric power lines are visible during the buffalo hunt. Her story was the basis of another Western classic, The Searchers A coach was brought in to teach castmembers unfamiliar with the language, like Greene, to speak Lakota. Capping the film is its lush symphonic score, composed by John Barry.

Costner would have three more hits after Wolves, Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves and JFK in and the sensationally successful The Bodyguard —then suffer a decade-long cold streak snapped by another, more modestly popular and traditional Western he directed and starred in, Open Range Inarritu and starring Leonardo DiCaprio. Tours of the South Dakota locations are available, so you can experience Dances with Wolves as living history. To celebrate the classic s TV show, here a few fun facts that will make you happy.

Here are some facts about the award-winning movies centered around the fictional Corleone crime family. From the famous actress originally slated to lead the movie to a possible third film, here are some facts about the convent comedies starring Whoopi Goldberg.

Take a look at these 13 fun facts about the man behind the "happy little trees" phenomenon. Temple, first known as a pint-sized Hollywood powerhouse, later came to be recognized as a valued public official for the nation.

From who was originally cast as Marty McFly to why Crispin Glover isn't in the sequels, here are some facts about the films starring Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd. It features 52 minutes of footage that did not appear in the originally released movie. But why? The film won seven Oscars, including best picture. Costner was named best director on his directing debut.

Included in the new footage is a trek undertaken by Dunbar and his best Indian friend, Kicking Bird, in which they come upon a forest despoiled by white hunters. In general, the longer version portrays the Sioux more brutally and realistically. Additional scenes also sharpen the courtship and marriage between Dunbar and a Sioux woman played by Mary McDonnell. The personal and cultural gap between them is now emphasized more strongly.

Radiopharmaceuticals give off small amounts of radiation that go to the exact parts where cancer cells are growing. Drugs used to reduce SREs may help reduce bone turnover. Side effects include low calcium, worsening kidney function and, rarely, destruction of the jawbone. Calcium and Vitamin D are also used to help protect your bones. They are often recommended for men on hormone therapy to treat prostate cancer. Radiation uses high-energy beams to kill tumors. Prostate cancer often spreads to the bones.

Radiation can help ease pain or prevent fractures caused by cancer spreading to the bone. There are many types of radiation treatments. Radiation may be given once or over several visits. Treatment is like having an x-ray.

It uses high-energy beams to kill tumors. Some radiation techniques focus on saving nearby healthy tissue. Computers and software allows better planning and targeting of radiation doses. They target the radiation to pinpoint where it is needed. Active surveillance is mainly used to delay or avoid aggressive therapy. It is often used if you have a small, slow growing cancer. It may be a choice for men who do not have symptoms or want to avoid sexual, urinary or bowel side effects for as long as possible.

Others may choose surveillance due to their age or overall health. This method may require you to have many tests over time to track cancer growth. This lets your doctor know how things are going, and prevents treatment-related side effects.

This will also help you and your health care team focus on managing cancer-related symptoms. Talk with your care team about whether this is a good choice for you. Clinical trials are research studies that test new treatments or learn how to use existing treatments better. Clinical studies aim to find the treatment strategies that work best for certain illnesses or groups of people. For some patients, taking part in a clinical trial may be a treatment option. Clinical trials follow strict scientific standards.

These standards protect patients and help produce reliable study results. You will be given either a standard treatment or the treatment being tested. All of the approved treatments used to treat or cure cancer began in a clinical trial. To search for information on current or recent clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer, visit UrologyHealth.

You and your doctor may schedule office visits for tests and follow-up over time. There are certain symptoms your doctor should know about right away, such as blood in your urine or bone pain, but it is best to ask your health care team about the symptoms you should report. Some men find it helpful to keep a diary to help remember things to talk about during follow-up visits.

Incontinence is the inability to control the release of urine and can sometimes happen with prostate cancer treatment. There are different types of incontinence:.

Because incontinence may affect your physical and emotional recovery, it is important to understand how to manage this problem. There are treatment choices that may help incontinence. Talk with your doctor before trying any of these options.

Men may have sexual health problems following their cancer diagnosis or treatments. Erectile dysfunction ED is when a man finds it hard to get or keep an erection strong enough for sex. ED happens when there is not enough blood flow to the penis or when nerves to the penis are harmed. Treatments for cancer, along with emotional stress, can lead to ED. There are treatments that may help ED. They include pills, vacuum pumps, urethral suppositories, penile injections and implants. Treatment can be individualized.

Some treatments may work better for you than others. They have their own set of side effects. A health care provider can talk with you about the pros and cons of each method and help you decide which single treatment or combination of treatments is right for you. It is important to think about the foods you eat and to try to maintain a healthy weight.

Healthy eating habits can improve your health. Because prostate cancer treatment can affect your appetite, eating habits and weight, it is important to try your best to eat healthy.

There are ways to help you get the nutrition you need. Always talk with your doctor before making changes to your diet. Exercise may improve your physical and emotional health. It can also help you manage your weight, maintain muscle and bone strength and help manage side effects. Always talk with your doctor before starting or changing your exercise routine. If approved by your doctor, men may want to strive to exercise about one to three hours per week.

This can include walking or more intense exercise. Physical exercise may help you to:. This web site has been optimized for user experience and security, therefore Internet Explorer IE is not a recommended browser. Thank you. What is Advanced Prostate Cancer? Advanced Stage IV: Cancer has spread outside the prostate to other parts such as the lymph nodes, bones, liver or lungs. There are several types of advanced prostate cancer, including: Biochemical Recurrence With biochemical recurrence, the prostate-specific antigen PSA level has risen after treatment s using surgery or radiation, with no other sign of cancer.

Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cancer cells have spread beyond the prostate. Prostate cancer is metastatic if it has spread to these areas: Lymph nodes outside the pelvis Bones Other organs, such as liver or lungs You may be diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer when you are first diagnosed, after having completed your first treatment or even many years later.

Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer mHSPC Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer mHSPC is when cancer has spread past the prostate into the body and is responsive to hormone therapy or the patient has not yet had hormone therapy. Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer mCRPC Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is when cancer has spread past the prostate into the body and it is able to grow and spread even after treatments were used to lower testosterone levels.

Age: For all men, prostate cancer risk increases with age. About 6 in 10 cases of prostate cancer are found in men older than Prostate cancer is rare in men under the age of They are also more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer at younger ages.

Genetic Factors: The risk of prostate cancer more than doubles in men with a family history of prostate cancer in their grandfathers, fathers or brothers. If a person has any of these mutations, they should be screened earlier or more often for prostate cancer. As a health care tool, genetic test results can help determine whether a certain treatment would be helpful.

This targeted therapy inhibits the PARP mutation and helps stop it from repairing cancer cells. Your doctor may suggest genetic testing because of family history or because you have an aggressive prostate cancer. To find out if you have a genetic mutation linked to prostate cancer, you may take a simple blood or saliva test. The following tests are used to diagnose and track prostate cancer: Blood Tests The PSA blood test measures a protein in your blood called the prostate-specific antigen PSA.

Imaging and Scans Imaging helps doctors learn more about your cancer. Some types are: Magnetic resonance imaging MRI : An MRI scan can give a very clear picture of the prostate and show if the cancer has spread into the seminal vesicles or nearby tissue. Intramural Research. Extramural Research. Cancer Research Workforce. Partners in Cancer Research. What Are Cancer Research Studies.

Research Studies. Get Involved. Cancer Biology Research. Cancer Genomics Research. Research on Causes of Cancer. Cancer Prevention Research. Cancer Treatment Research. Cancer Health Disparities.

Childhood Cancers Research. Global Cancer Research. Cancer Research Infrastructure. Clinical Trials. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research. Bioinformatics, Big Data, and Cancer. Annual Report to the Nation. Research Advances by Cancer Type. Stories of Discovery. Milestones in Cancer Research and Discovery. Biomedical Citizen Science. Director's Message. Budget Proposal.

Stories of Cancer Research. Driving Discovery. Highlighted Scientific Opportunities. Research Grants. Research Funding Opportunities.

Cancer Grand Challenges. Research Program Contacts. Funding Strategy. Grants Policies and Process. Introduction to Grants Process. NCI Grant Policies. Legal Requirements. Step 3: Peer Review and Funding Outcomes. Manage Your Award. Grants Management Contacts. Prior Approvals. Annual Reporting and Auditing. Transfer of a Grant. Grant Closeout. Cancer Training at NCI. Resources for Trainees.

Funding for Cancer Training. Building a Diverse Workforce. National Cancer Act 50th Anniversary Commemoration. Resources for News Media. Media Contacts. February 13, —NCI, in collaboration with the U. Public Health Service Hospital, established the Baltimore Cancer Research Center to conduct basic and clinical research for cancer treatment and offer training to medical students and scientists. October 18, —President Nixon converted the Army's former biological warfare facilities at Fort Detrick, Maryland, to house research activities on the causes, treatment, and prevention of cancer.

The act represented the U. The act also required the creation of a new National Cancer Advisory Board, a presidentially appointed committee of 18 members, to assist NCI in developing its programs.

Finally, the act provided additional funding for NCI to establish 15 new cancer research centers, local cancer control programs, and an international cancer research data bank. July 27, —A Bureau-level organization was established for NCI, giving the Institute and its components organizational status commensurate with the responsibilities bestowed on it by the National Cancer Act of June 20, —NCI director Dr. Frank J. Rauscher, Jr. In , there are 69 NCI designated cancer centers.

September 12, —NCI made its first cancer control awards to state health departments for a three-year program to screen low-income women for cancer of the uterine cervix. At its peak in , the program had grown to a total of 32 states and territories. December 19, —The Clinical Cancer Education Program was announced to develop more innovative teaching methods in cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation in schools of medicine, dentistry, osteopathy, and public health; affiliated teaching hospitals; and specialized cancer institutions.

Army were transferred to the U. Since then, Frederick National Lab has become an internationally recognized center of scientific excellence in cancer and AIDS research and development. Shortly thereafter, The National Science Foundation notified HHS that NCI-Frederick met the criteria for and was designated as a Federally Funded Research and Development Center FFRDC , a government-owned, contractor-operated facility designed to achieve long-term research and development needs that could not be met as effectively by existing in-house or contractor resources.

July 1, —The Cancer Information Service was established following a mandate of the National Cancer Act of , which gave NCI new responsibilities for educating the public, patients, and health professionals. Senator Warren G. Magnuson of Washington who, as a member of the House of Representatives, introduced a bill to establish NCI in , sent a message stating: "Those one and a half million Americans who are alive today—cured of cancer—are ample justification for all that we've appropriated over the last 40 years.

Robert C. Gallo, leading to his role in the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV as the infectious agent responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS and in the development of the HIV blood test.

He has been a major contributor to subsequent HIV research. April 27, —A new Biological Response Modifiers Program was established in the Division of Cancer Treatment to investigate, develop and bring to clinical trial potential therapeutic agents that may alter biological responses that are important in cancer growth and metastasis.

The CCOP initiative is designed to bring the advantages of clinical research to cancer patients in their own communities.

The statement conveys the need for collaboration between NCI and the pharmaceutical industry in pursuing the joint development of anticancer drugs of mutual interest. Heckler launched a new Cancer Prevention Awareness Program aimed at saving 95, lives per year by the year The program, guided by NCI, will inform the public about cancer risks and steps individuals can take to reduce risk.

April —NCI scientist Dr. These viruses were ultimately named human immunodeficiency virus or HIV. This discovery made the control of blood-product-transmitted AIDS feasible by enabling the development of a simple test for the detection of AIDS-infected blood by blood banks and diagnostic laboratories. CPFP provides state-of-the-art training in cancer prevention and control through mentored research at NCI, guiding each fellow to develop an independent research program in cancer prevention.

October 24, —The Office of Technology Development was established in the Office of the Director to guide implementation of legislation, rules and regulations, and activities relating to collaborative agreements, inventions, patents, royalties, and associated matters. September 30, —The first Consortium Cancer Center was established, comprised of three historically black medical schools. Component universities supported by this core grant—Charles R. April —NCI increased efforts to supplement research grants to encourage recruitment of minority scientists and science students into extramural research laboratories.

This initiative is expanded to include scientists and science students who are women or individuals with disabilities.

May 22, —NCI scientist Dr. Steven A. Rosenberg conducted the first human gene transfer trial using human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to which a foreign gene had been added. December 20, — NCI researchers published the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Model, a tool to estimate a woman's risk of developing invasive breast cancer, based on data from case-control studies and breast cancer incidence rates in the US.

Over the years, the tool has been updated and expanded to cover African Americans and other groups; it is widely used by clinicians and researchers. Originally available on a floppy disk, the tool was later renamed and made available online as the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool. The US Food and Drug Administration guidelines for use of tamoxifen and raloxifene for breast cancer risk reduction rely on estimates generated by the tool.

It is also used for patient counseling and for assessing possible public health prevention strategies. September 14, —Scientists from NCI and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute announced the first trial in which a copy of a faulty gene was inserted into white blood cells to reverse the immune deficiency it caused. The trial was initiated to treat adenosine deaminase deficiency. This was the first human gene therapy trial used to treat immunodeficiency.

January 29, —Patients with melanoma were treated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to which a gene for tumor necrosis factor had been added. This was the first human gene therapy trial used to treat cancer. October —NCI began the 5 A Day program, in partnership with the nonprofit group Produce for Better Health, to encourage Americans to eat at least five fruits and vegetables a day.

December 18, —Taxol paclitaxel , an anticancer drug extracted from the bark of the Pacific yew, received approval by the U. Food and Drug Administration FDA for the treatment of ovarian cancer that was not responsive to other therapy.

This collaboration was made possible by the Federal Technology Transfer Act of November —The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian trial, designed to determine whether certain screening tests will reduce the number of deaths from these cancers, began recruiting , men and women, ages 55— This was the first sustained decline since national recordkeeping was instituted in the s. The office, now called the Office of Advocacy Relations, supports NCI's research and programs by fostering strong communications and partnerships with the cancer advocacy community and professional societies.

August 1, —NCI, in partnership with government, academic, and industrial laboratories, launched the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project to enhance discovery of the acquired and inherited molecular changes in cancer and to evaluate the clinical potential of these discoveries.

The project included a website allowing scientists to rapidly access data generated through the project and apply it to their studies. April 6, —Results of the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial, testing the effectiveness of tamoxifen to prevent the disease, were announced 14 months earlier than expected.

September 25, —The FDA approved the monoclonal antibody Herceptin Trastuzumab for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in patients with tumors that produce excess amounts of a protein called HER The trial will include 22, postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer to determine whether the osteoporosis prevention drug raloxifene Evista is as effective in reducing the chance of developing breast cancer as tamoxifen Nolvadex has proven to be.

December 8, —NCI published the Atlas of Cancer Mortality, —94 , showing the geographic patterns of cancer death rates in over 3, counties across the country over more than 4 decades.

The Special Populations Networks for Cancer Awareness Research and Training is intended to build relationships between large research institutions and community-based programs. Eighteen grants at 17 institutions are expected to create or implement cancer control, prevention, research, and training programs in minority and underserved populations.

June 7, —President Clinton issued an executive memorandum directing the Medicare program to reimburse providers for the cost of routine patient care in clinical trials. The memorandum also provides for additional actions to promote the participation of Medicare beneficiaries in clinical studies.

December 3, —As part of a national commitment to identify and address the underlying causes of disease and disability in racial and ethnic communities, NCI established the Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities.

Because these communities carry an unequal burden of cancer-related health disparities, NCI is working to enhance its research, education, and training programs that focus on populations in need. May 10, —FDA approval of the drug Gleevec, also known as STI, is announced as an oral treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia.

This marked the approval of the first molecularly targeted drug that directly turns off the signal of a protein known to cause a cancer. Clinical trials expanded as investigators tested Gleevec in a variety of cancers that share common molecular abnormalities.

July 24, —The largest-ever prostate cancer prevention study was launched by NCI and a network of researchers known as the Southwest Oncology Group. The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial is designed to determine if these two dietary supplements can protect against prostate cancer which is the most common form of non-skin cancer in men.

The study is expected to include a total of 32, men. September 4, —NCI and the American College of Radiology Imaging Network launched 3-year multicenter study of digital mammography, called the Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial, the first large, multicenter study to compare digital mammography to standard mammography for the detection of breast cancer.

September 10, —NCI launched the Consumer Advocates in Research and Related Activities program—a landmark initiative convening a network of dedicated advocates who bring the viewpoint of those affected by cancer to NCI. February 7, —Scientists from NCI and FDA reported that patterns of proteins found in patients' blood may reflect the presence of ovarian cancer, even at early stages. This new diagnostic concept is potentially applicable to the diagnosis of other diseases.

May 19, —Researchers from NCI reported that the molecularly targeted drug bevacizumab slowed tumor growth in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, the most common form of kidney cancer in adults.

June 19, —NCI scientists used microarray technology to determine the patterns of genes that are active in tumor cells from which they could predict whether patients with the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults are likely to be cured by chemotherapy.

July 16, —The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NHLBI of NIH stopped a major clinical trial early of the risks and benefits of combined estrogen and progestin in healthy menopausal women due to an increased risk of invasive breast cancer.

The large multi-center trial, a component of the Women's Health Initiative WHI , also found increases in coronary heart disease, stroke, and pulmonary embolism in study participants on estrogen plus progestin compared to women taking placebo pills. The trial showed that postmenopausal women who used estrogen replacement therapy for 10 or more years were at significantly higher risk of developing ovarian cancer than women who never used hormone replacement therapy.

September 18, —NCI launched the National Lung Screening Trial to compare spiral computed tomography and single-view chest x-ray for early lung cancer in 50, current and former heavy smokers. The trial will examine the relative risks and benefits of both tests at 30 study sites throughout the United States. September 19, —NCI researchers demonstrated that a new approach to cancer treatment, that replaces a patient's immune system with cancer-fighting cells produced in the laboratory specifically to destroy their tumors, can lead to tumor shrinkage.

The experimental technique, known as adoptive transfer, has shown promising results in patients with metastatic melanoma who have not responded to standard treatment. October 16, —NCI and FDA scientists found that patterns of proteins in patients' blood, called prostate-specific antigen PSA , may help distinguish between prostate cancer and benign prostate conditions.

PSA is a protein produced by cells of the prostate gland. The blood level of PSA is often elevated in men with prostate cancer. The technique may be useful in deciding whether to perform a biopsy in men with elevated levels of PSA. But sometimes surgery or another procedure may be needed to get a tissue sample. The type of biopsy you receive depends on where the possible tumor is located. Image-guided biopsy. Your doctor may use an image-guided biopsy approach when he or she cannot feel a tumor or when the area is deeper inside the body.

During this procedure, your doctor guides a needle to the location with the help of an imaging technique. Your doctor can do an image-guided biopsy using a fine needle, core, or vacuum-assisted biopsy see below.

This depends on the amount of tissue needed, possible diagnoses, and other factors. Your doctor will use one of the following types of imaging based on the location and other factors:. Fine needle aspiration biopsy. During this minimally invasive biopsy, the doctor uses a very thin, hollow needle attached to a syringe. He or she collects a small amount of tissue from the suspicious area to examine and test. Your doctor may use this biopsy for a mass that he or she can feel through the skin or with image-guided biopsy see above.

Core needle biopsy. This type of biopsy uses a larger needle to remove a larger tissue sample. It is similar to a fine needle biopsy and is also minimally invasive. Vacuum-assisted biopsy. This type of biopsy uses a suction device to collect a tissue sample through a specially designed needle. Your doctor can collect multiple or large samples from the same biopsy site with this method. A vacuum-assisted biopsy can sometimes be image guided.

Excisional biopsy. During an excisional biopsy, your doctor removes the entire suspicious area. This is commonly used for suspicious changes on the skin. Doctors also sometimes use it for a small, easily removable lump under the skin. However, fine needle aspiration or core needle biopsy are more common for lumps that cannot be seen or felt through the skin.

Shave biopsy. For this type of biopsy, the doctor uses a sharp tool to remove tissue from the skin surface. Punch biopsy. During a punch biopsy, the doctor inserts a sharp, circular tool into the skin.

He or she then takes a sample from below the skin surface. Endoscopic biopsy. An endoscope is a thin, lighted, flexible tube with a camera. Doctors use this tool to view the inside of the body, including the bladder, abdomen, joints, or gastrointestinal GI tract. They insert endoscopes through the mouth or a tiny surgical incision.

The attached camera helps the doctor see any abnormal areas. Doctors also use them to take tiny samples of the tissue using forceps. The forceps are also a part of the endoscope.

When I put my iPhone in dfu mode, connect it to iTunes and start the restore process. It reboot it's self. Once i got to a charger, it kept going on and off. Will it go on once firmware is downloaded? May 25 by Fatimah Gaffoor. S W avanteguarde. Choose the one you downloaded in Step1. Restore should then start. Show 15 more comments. E West mcesquared. For some reason iPhones have an annoying habit of rebooting while you're waiting for the firmware file to download. Thankfully, you can download the firmware file through your browser and select it manually in iTunes, so the phone doesn't have to wait for iTunes to download 2.

Put your phone into recovery mode and connect it to your computer. Cancel any dialog options asking if you want to restore or update until you are at the phone's landing page. There should be two buttons on the righthand side of the iTunes window marked "Check for updates" and "Restore iPhone On Windows, hold down the shift key while clicking "Restore iPhone Select the firmware file you downloaded from ipsw.

Doing it this way allows you to download the file prior to putting your phone into recovery mode, so it won't timeout and reboot while iTunes is doing its thing. Kane bkanes. You ever figure this out? I cannot get the phone to stay in recovery long enough to extract the file.

Thank god that actually worked. My iphone 6 while trying to update to ios 12 would go into recovery mode and not come out of it. Then i would get it into DFU only for it to reboot and turn on half way through while updating on itunes. So, here's the basic info on how to enter DFU mode and it works for your iPod touch, too. Instructions may vary slightly by year or model; if these steps do not work, check YouTube's extensive library of how-to demonstrations.

It's pretty straight forward, but if you see the Apple logo or the "connect to iTunes" screen on your iPhone , you're not in DFU mode.

DFU leaves the screen of the iPhone completely black turned off. Again, for most purposes save jailbreaking there's no practical difference between DFU and a regular restore, except and unless you're in a situation where your phone won't go into restore mode normally.

Restore with care! Sign up. Tinsley But if the screen turns blank and black without anything appearing on it, this means you've successfully put the device into DFU mode. As a confirmation, iTunes will pop a notification that a new device was detected in recovery mode. Success Rate:. You can restore your iDevice in DFU mode in two ways.

You can do so either manually or through the help of third-party apps. Connect the device to your computer using a data cable. Once iTunes pops up a notification asking you to restore your iDevice, select Restore and wait until the process is complete.

After your iDevice restores through the DFU mode, it will restart automatically. Getting into the mode can be problematic on some iDevices. Below are some features iDelock has to offer. Free Download Free Download.

Click Start. Then put your device in DFU mode, connect the device to your computer, and click Next. On the next screen, Wootechy iDelock will automatically detect your iDevice model and provide you with an option to download its firmware. To do this, click Download. If the download option doesn't work, click Copy to download the firmware package in a web browser on your device. Or choose Select from the interface if you already have an iOS firmware package downloaded to your PC.

Whatever option you choose, wait for the program to download and verify the firmware version. From the screen that follows, click Start to Extract. Once the extraction is complete, click Start Unlock. Step 6.

Read and follow the instructions on the next screen and click Unlock.

Using out of date condoms would mean the quality guarantee and effectiveness of the condom is no longer valid. So, how can you combat condom expiry dates? Sure, with the typical expiry date being anything from 1 to 5 years, you may feel you have all the time in the world to use the condoms you currently have, but it never hurts to keep your supply topped up and fresh. Why not take the opportunity to try something new and make your arsenal of condoms all the more interesting?

Still concerned about condom expiry dates and worried that you may get caught short? To really stay on top of things, why not try reviewing all your condoms every time you add some to your night-time naughty draw? Sure, it may sound a little anal, but it will give you peace of mind that you can reach in and pull out an in-date condom whenever the mood the takes you.

Got more questions about condoms or condom usage? Head over to our Explore Sex blog and check out our guide to putting on a condom properly. Our guide provides you with 5 simple steps to ensure that your condom usage is as safe as it possibly can be. All articles Article contents Intro. Can condoms expire? Why do condoms expire?

How long do condoms last? Can you use out of date condoms? Similar Articles. As with all the body, the vagina is full of microorganisms that maintain the vaginal ecosystem.

In essence, your vaginal microbiome matters. Condoms are cheap, easy to use, and easy to buy — and they're one of the only birth control methods that also protects against STIs. In the US, the Food and Drug Administration requires that all condoms have an expiration date — each individual condom should have one printed on its wrapper. And this date actually means something important. Condoms become less effective after they've passed it.

As a result, the condom will be more prone to break or tear during sex, and is then, of course, less effective. Susan E. One easy way you can check is by pressing down on the wrapper; if you feel an air cushion, it means it hasn't been damaged. And if you don't see an expiration date on the packaging, or if it's illegible, follow the adage, "When in doubt, toss it out," Arrindell says. Discovering a condom past its prime might be one small roadblock in your hookup, but there are so many other pleasurable sexual activities that don't involve penetrative intercourse or oral sex, like touching or mutual masturbation, Arrindell says.

And hey, the next time you get busy with this person, you'll be sure to be, you know, covered. On this episode of Dear, Black Love we watch newly married couple, Brea and Mariah, share their modern love story.

From meeting their freshman year at Yale. What is Black love? Is it simply two Black people in relationship, at all costs?

Or is it a more profound experience of freeing the self into something bey. I was 25 years old when I made peace with the possibility that I might die a virgin. It was March Around the world, the pandemic was worsening and a. For starters, powerful thrusts and pulses are replaced with targeted waves of. Sex toys always have us a-buzz. From a little extra pleasure with your S.